Gita Verses on Duty and Responsibility (Dharma)

धर्म और कर्तव्य

Action & Purpose

Swadharma — one's own duty — is the cornerstone of Gita philosophy. These shlokas reveal why performing our duty with integrity and without selfishness is the highest path.

This guide brings together 5 verses from the Bhagavad Gita on duty and responsibility (dharma), drawn from chapters 2, 3 and 18.

Dharma in the Gita is not a list of rules — it is the right action that fits your nature, your situation and the moment. Doing your own work, even imperfectly, is praised over copying someone else's perfectly.

  1. कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन ।

    karmaṇy evādhikāras te mā phaleṣu kadācana mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi

    You have a right to action alone, never to its fruits. Let not the fruits of action be your motive, nor let your attachment be to inaction.

    तेरा अधिकार केवल कर्म करने में है, उसके फलों में कभी नहीं। कर्म के फल का हेतु मत बन, और न ही अकर्म में तेरी आसक्ति हो।

  2. तस्मादसक्तः सततं कार्यं कर्म समाचर।

    tasmād asaktaḥ satataṁ kāryaṁ karma samāchara asakto hyācharan karma param āpnoti pūruṣhaḥ

    Therefore, without attachment, always perform the actions that should be done; for by performing actions without attachment, one reaches the Supreme.

    इसलिये तू निरन्तर आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्तव्य-कर्मका भलीभाँति आचरण कर; क्योंकि आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्म करता हुआ मनुष्य परमात्माको प्राप्त हो जाता है।

  3. श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात्।स्वभावनियतं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम्॥

    śhreyān swa-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt sv-anuṣhṭhitāt svabhāva-niyataṁ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣham

    Better is one's own duty, even if it is destitute of merits, than the duty of another well performed. He who does the duty ordained by his own nature incurs no sin.

    अच्छी तरहसे अनुष्ठान किये हुए परधर्मसे गुणरहित अपना धर्म श्रेष्ठ है। कारण कि स्वभावसे नियत किये हुए स्वधर्मरूप कर्मको करता हुआ मनुष्य पापको प्राप्त नहीं होता।

  4. स्वधर्ममपि चावेक्ष्य न विकम्पितुमर्हसि।

    swa-dharmam api chāvekṣhya na vikampitum arhasi dharmyāddhi yuddhāch chhreyo ’nyat kṣhatriyasya na vidyate

    Further, having regard to your duty, you should not waver, for there is nothing higher for a Kshatriya than a righteous war.

    अपने स्वधर्म (क्षात्रधर्म) को देखकर भी तुम्हें विकम्पित अर्थात् कर्तव्य-कर्मसे विचलित नहीं होना चाहिये; क्योंकि धर्ममय युद्धसे बढ़कर क्षत्रियके लिये दूसरा कोई कल्याणकारक कर्म नहीं है।

  5. श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात् ।

    śreyān sva-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt sv-anuṣṭhitāt sva-dharme nidhanaṁ śreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ

    Better is one's own duty, though imperfectly done, than the duty of another well performed. Better is death in one's own duty; the duty of another is fraught with fear.

    भली प्रकार किए हुए दूसरे के धर्म से गुणरहित होने पर भी अपना धर्म श्रेष्ठ है। अपने धर्म में मरना भी कल्याणकारक है, दूसरे का धर्म भय देने वाला है।

✦ More verses on this theme ✦

✦ Frequently Asked Questions ✦

What does the Bhagavad Gita say about duty and dharma?

Krishna teaches that one should do one's own duty with whole-hearted attention, free from clinging to the fruit, and offered as a gift to the divine. Even small dharmic action protects from large fear (2.40).

Which Gita verses are about dharma?

Gita 2.47 (right to action, not to fruit), 3.35 (better one's own dharma imperfect than another's well done), 18.45–48 (one's own work as worship), and 4.7 (the divine restores dharma) are most quoted.

How do I know my dharma according to the Gita?

Look at the work that fits your nature, the responsibilities your life has actually placed in front of you, and what is right by those who depend on you. Honestly done, that work is your dharma now.

Authoritative sources

Official sites of the scriptural traditions and publishing trusts behind the editions and commentaries cited on this page.