Gita Verses on the Three Gunas and Understanding Your Nature

त्रिगुण — सत्त्व, रजस्, तमस्

Spirituality

Why do people behave so differently? The Gita explains the three gunas — sattva (purity), rajas (passion), and tamas (inertia) — the qualities of nature that shape personality, choices, and moods. Understanding the gunas is the key to mastering your own temperament.

This guide brings together 7 verses from the Bhagavad Gita on the three gunas and understanding your nature, drawn from chapters 14, 17 and 18.

The Gita's three gunas — sattva, rajas, tamas — are the inner weather of every experience. Knowing which is dominant in you right now is the start of choosing wisely instead of just reacting.

  1. सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसंभवाः।निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम्॥

    sattvaṁ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛiti-sambhavāḥ nibadhnanti mahā-bāho dehe dehinam avyayam

    These qualities, O Arjuna, born of Nature, bind fast in the body of the embodied, the indestructible: purity, passion, and inertia.

    हे महाबाहो ! प्रकृतिसे उत्पन्न होनेवाले सत्त्व, रज और तम -- ये तीनों गुण अविनाशी देहीको देहमें बाँध देते हैं।

  2. तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात्प्रकाशकमनामयम्।सुखसङ्गेन बध्नाति ज्ञानसङ्गेन चानघ॥

    tatra sattvaṁ nirmalatvāt prakāśhakam anāmayam sukha-saṅgena badhnāti jñāna-saṅgena chānagha

    Of these, sattva, which is luminous and healthy due to its stainlessness, binds one by attachment to happiness and knowledge, O sinless one.

    हे पापरहित अर्जुन ! उन गुणोंमें सत्त्वगुण निर्मल (स्वच्छ) होनेके कारण प्रकाशक और निर्विकार है। वह सुख और ज्ञानकी आसक्तिसे (देहीको) बाँधता है।

  3. रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम्।तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम्॥

    rajo rāgātmakaṁ viddhi tṛiṣhṇā-saṅga-samudbhavam tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena dehinam

    Know, O Arjuna, that Rajas is of the nature of passion, the source of thirst and attachment; it binds fast the embodied one by attachment to action.

    हे कुन्तीनन्दन ! तृष्णा और आसक्तिको पैदा करनेवाले रजोगुणको तुम रागस्वरूप समझो। वह कर्मोंकी आसक्तिसे शरीरधारीको बाँधता है।

  4. तमस्त्वज्ञानजं विद्धि मोहनं सर्वदेहिनाम्।प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिस्तन्निबध्नाति भारत॥

    tamas tv ajñāna-jaṁ viddhi mohanaṁ sarva-dehinām pramādālasya-nidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata

    But know thou Tamas to be born of ignorance, deluding all embodied beings; it binds fast, O Arjuna, through heedlessness, indolence, and sleep.

    हे भरतवंशी अर्जुन ! सम्पूर्ण देहधारियोंको मोहित करनेवाले तमोगुणको तुम अज्ञानसे उत्पन्न होनेवाला समझो। वह प्रमाद, आलस्य और निद्राके द्वारा देहधारियोंको बाँधता है।

  5. सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन्प्रकाश उपजायते।ज्ञानं यदा तदा विद्याद्विवृद्धं सत्त्वमित्युत॥

    sarva-dvāreṣhu dehe ’smin prakāśha upajāyate jñānaṁ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛiddhaṁ sattvam ity uta

    When the wisdom-light shines through every gate of this body, then it may be known that Sattva is predominant.

    जब इस मनुष्यशरीरमें सब द्वारों-(इन्द्रियों और अन्तःकरण-) में प्रकाश (स्वच्छता) और ज्ञान (विवेक) प्रकट हो जाता है, तब जानना चाहिये कि सत्त्वगुण बढ़ा हुआ है।

  6. श्री भगवानुवाचत्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा।सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां श्रृणु॥

    śhrī-bhagavān uvācha tri-vidhā bhavati śhraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāva-jā sāttvikī rājasī chaiva tāmasī cheti tāṁ śhṛiṇu

    The Blessed Lord said, "There are threefold faiths inherent in the nature of the embodied: the sattvic (pure), the rajasic (passionate), and the tamasic (dark). Hear of them."

    श्रीभगवान् बोले -- मनुष्योंकी वह स्वभावसे उत्पन्न हुई श्रद्धा सात्त्विकी तथा राजसी और तामसी -- ऐसे तीन तरहकी ही होती है, उसको तुम मेरेसे सुनो।

  7. न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा पुनः।सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तं यदेभिः स्यात्ित्रभिर्गुणैः॥

    na tad asti pṛithivyāṁ vā divi deveṣhu vā punaḥ sattvaṁ prakṛiti-jair muktaṁ yad ebhiḥ syāt tribhir guṇaiḥ

    There is no being on earth or in heaven among the gods that is liberated from the three qualities born of Nature.

    पृथ्वीमें या स्वर्गमें अथवा देवताओंमें तथा इनके सिवाय और कहीं भी वह ऐसी कोई वस्तु नहीं है, जो प्रकृतिसे उत्पन्न इन तीनों गुणोंसे रहित हो।

✦ More verses on this theme ✦

✦ Frequently Asked Questions ✦

What are the three gunas in the Bhagavad Gita?

Sattva (purity, clarity, light), rajas (passion, activity, restlessness) and tamas (inertia, dullness, darkness) are the three qualities of prakriti (14.5). All experience is woven from their interplay; the wise watch which is rising and respond accordingly.

Which Gita verses explain the gunas?

Gita 14.5 (the three gunas defined), 14.6–8 (how each binds), 14.11–13 (signs of each rising), 14.17 (their inner products), 14.22–25 (the gunatita who has crossed them), and 17.2–4 (gunas in faith, food, sacrifice) are essential.

How do I rise above the three gunas?

Watch the gunas play through you rather than identifying with each mood. Steady devotion, named by Krishna in 14.26, is the path that gradually carries you past their grip.

Authoritative sources

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