Gita Verses on Why We Suffer and How to End Suffering

दुःख का कारण और निवारण

Mind & Emotions

Why do we suffer? The Gita traces suffering to attachment, craving, and the restless senses — and shows the way to lasting freedom from it. These shlokas explain the root of pain and the inner equanimity that no circumstance can disturb.

This guide brings together 6 verses from the Bhagavad Gita on why we suffer and how to end suffering, drawn from chapters 2, 5, 6 and 14.

The Gita defines yoga itself as the breaking of our bond with suffering (6.23). Pain happens; the bondage to it is what practice gradually loosens.

  1. मात्रास्पर्शास्तु कौन्तेय शीतोष्णसुखदुःखदाः।

    mātrā-sparśhās tu kaunteya śhītoṣhṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ āgamāpāyino ’nityās tans-titikṣhasva bhārata

    The contact of the senses with the objects, O son of Kunti, which causes heat and cold, pleasure and pain, has a beginning and an end; they are impermanent; endure them bravely, O Arjuna.

    हे कुन्तीनन्दन! इन्द्रियोंके जो विषय (जड पदार्थ) हैं, वो तो शीत (अनुकूलता) और उष्ण (प्रतिकूलता) - के द्वारा सुख और दुःख देनेवाले हैं तथा आने-जानेवाले और अनित्य हैं। हे भरतवंशोद्भव अर्जुन! उनको तुम सहन करो।

  2. दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमनाः सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः।

    duḥkheṣhv-anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣhu vigata-spṛihaḥ vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ sthita-dhīr munir uchyate

    He whose mind is not shaken by adversity, who does not long for pleasures, and is free from attachment, fear, and anger, is called a sage of steady wisdom.

    दुःखोंकी प्राप्ति होनेपर जिसके मनमें उद्वेग नहीं होता और सुखोंकी प्राप्ति होनेपर जिसके मनमें स्पृहा नहीं होती तथा जो राग, भय और क्रोधसे सर्वथा रहित हो गया है, वह मननशील मनुष्य स्थिरबुद्धि कहा जाता है।

  3. ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव ते।

    ye hi sansparśha-jā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te ādyantavantaḥ kaunteya na teṣhu ramate budhaḥ

    The enjoyments that arise from contact are only sources of pain, for they have a beginning and an end, O Arjuna; the wise do not rejoice in them.

    क्योंकि हे कुन्तीनन्दन ! जो इन्द्रियों और विषयोंके संयोगसे पैदा होनेवाले भोग (सुख) हैं, वे आदि-अन्तवाले और दुःखके ही कारण हैं। अतः विवेकशील मनुष्य उनमें रमण नहीं करता।

  4. तं विद्याद् दुःखसंयोगवियोगं योगसंज्ञितम्।

    taṁ vidyād duḥkha-sanyoga-viyogaṁ yogasaṅjñitam sa niśhchayena yoktavyo yogo ’nirviṇṇa-chetasā

    Let this be known by the name of Yoga, the severance from union with pain. This Yoga should be practiced with determination and with an undespairing mind.

    जिसमें दुःखोंके संयोगका ही वियोग है, उसीको 'योग' नामसे जानना चाहिये। (वह योग जिस ध्यानयोगका लक्ष्य है,) उस ध्यानयोगका अभ्यास न उकताये हुए चित्तसे निश्चयपूर्वक करना चाहिये।

  5. गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन्देही देहसमुद्भवान्।जन्ममृत्युजरादुःखैर्विमुक्तोऽमृतमश्नुते॥

    guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān janma-mṛityu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto ’mṛitam aśhnute

    The embodied one, having crossed beyond these three Gunas from which the body is evolved, is freed from birth, death, decay, and pain, and attains immortality.

    देहधारी (विवेकी मनुष्य) देहको उत्पन्न करनेवाले इन तीनों गुणोंका अतिक्रमण करके जन्म, मृत्यु और वृद्धावस्थारूप दुःखोंसे रहित हुआ अमरताका अनुभव करता है।

  6. यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुषं पुरुषर्षभ।

    yaṁ hi na vyathayantyete puruṣhaṁ puruṣharṣhabha sama-duḥkha-sukhaṁ dhīraṁ so ’mṛitatvāya kalpate

    That firm man, whom surely these afflictions do not, O chief among men, to whom pleasure and pain are the same, is fit for attaining immortality.

    कारण कि हे पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ अर्जुन! सुख-दुःखमें सम रहनेवाले जिस धीर मनुष्यको ये मात्रास्पर्श (पदार्थ) व्यथित (सुखी-दुःखी) नहीं कर पाते, वह अमर होनेमें समर्थ हो जाता है अर्थात् वह अमर हो जाता है।

✦ More verses on this theme ✦

✦ Frequently Asked Questions ✦

What does the Bhagavad Gita say about suffering?

Krishna teaches that yoga is the cutting of our union with sorrow (6.23), that the pairs of opposites pass like seasons (2.14), and that what is truly you cannot finally be harmed (2.20). Suffering is real, but it is not the final word.

Which Gita verses help with suffering?

Gita 6.23 (yoga severs the bond with sorrow), 2.14 (the pairs of opposites pass), 5.22 (sense-pleasures are wombs of pain), 18.66 (surrender, do not grieve), and 12.13–17 (the devotee unshaken by joy and sorrow) help.

How do I bear suffering using the Gita?

Don't fight the pain — bear it with the inner knowledge that this too will move. The mind that doesn't add panic on top is already lighter.

Authoritative sources

Official sites of the scriptural traditions and publishing trusts behind the editions and commentaries cited on this page.